Confined Space Physical Hazards – Part 2
Hot Work Safety - A Complete Guide to Safe Practices
Electrical Hazards
The electrical power supply used in the confined space normally is 24v. Electrical safety applies the same outside or inside a confined space. Working with electric tools or on energized circuits can be especially hazardous; both can be ignition sources and need a hot work permit. Controlling electrical circuits require LOTO procedures. Dampness can create other electrical hazards. The path of electrical cords and location of connections must be planned to minimize tripping hazards.
Mechanical Hazards
Agitators, stirrers, unguarded chains, pulleys, rotating blades, belts, fans, or other moving and rotating parts are all mechanical hazards. LOTO procedures will apply. Because of limited space, you must be extremely careful to avoid points of contact and wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment(PPE).
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Noise Hazard
Noise can disrupt communication and increase stress levels in workers and is usually worse in a confined space. Noise is generally controlled with PPE and proper planning, but this can make communication difficult in the space and with standby personnel.
Slips, Trips and Falls
Confined spaces may have sludge, oil or water. Slip hazards should be controlled by initial entry for cleaning or remote cleaning (outside the space). Spaces with ladder access introduce ladder safety issues. Wear shoes or boots with slip-resistant soles and consider utilizing harnesses or lifelines.
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Poor Lighting
Confined spaces often have poor lighting. Temporary, job-specific lighting can introduce electrical hazards and can be an ignition source. Natural light where possible is preferred. Lights that are sealed against flammable and explosive atmospheres may be required. The light fittings to be explosion proof.
Atmospheric Hazards
All confined spaces must be gas tested for flammable, toxic (H2S, CO), and explosive gases as well as adequate oxygen (deficiency less than 20% or enrichment above 23.5%) by the authorized gas tester. This applies especially when hydrocarbon process equipment must be entered for cleaning or service. Bring in and circulate fresh air in confined spaces to make them safe. Self Contained Breathing Apparatus(SCBA)/SABA is often required.
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